Orientation Towards a Master’s Degree: International Students’ Perceptions of Successful Engagement in Higher Education

Authors

Abstract

Engagement is an important piece of effective strategies in both education and employment. Engagement is linked to well-being, persistence, and goal orientation. To raise and maintain interest, motivation and engagement during studies is crucial. This study explores international university students’ (n=25) experiences and perceptions related to the concept of engagement at the moment they entered a two-year master’s programme in Finland. Phenomenography was used as an analysis approach to build knowledge describing participants’ different experiences. The results suggest practical implications to support students’ cognitive and collaborative engagement in international study programmes, guiding educators to design more supportive materials, curricula, interactions and practices from the beginning of the education. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Signe Siklander, University of Oulu, Faculty of Education and Psychology, TTEC (Teachers Teaching and Educational Communities research unit), Finland

Associate Prof. Signe Siklander, Faculty of Education, PO Box 8000, 90014 University of Oulu, Finland.

References

Åkerlind, G. S. (2005). Variation and commonality in phenomenographic research methods. Higher Education Research & Development, 24(4), 321–334. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360500284672

Åkerlind, G. S. (2008). Growing and developing as a university researcher. Higher Education, 55(2), 241–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-007-9052-x

Åkerlind, G. S. (2024). Why should I be interested in phenomenographic research? Variation in views of phenomenography amongst higher education scholars. Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01270-6

Beligatamulla, G. (2021). Design thinking pedagogy: A phenomenographic study of design thinking teaching in the higher education context (Doctoral dissertation, Queensland University of Technology). https://eprints.qut.edu.au/210530/1/Gnanaharsha%20Beligatamulla_Beligatamulle%20Kankanamlage_Thesis.pdf

Brinkmann S. (2013). Qualitative Interviewing. New York: Oxford University Press

Brauer, S. (2021). Towards competence-oriented higher education: a systematic literature review of the different perspectives on successful exit profiles. Education + Training, 63(9), 1376–1390. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-07-2020-0216.

Brauer, S., Kettunen, J., Levy, A., Merenmies, J., & Kulmala, P. (2023). The educational paradigm shift—a phenomenographic study of medical teachers’ experiences of practices. BMC Medical Education, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04013-w19

Chakraborty, M., & Nafukho, F. M. (2014). Strengthening student engagement: what do students want in online courses? European Journal of Training and Development, 38(9), 782–802. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-11-2013-0123

Christenson, S., Reschly, A. L., & Wylie, C. (Eds.). (2012). Handbook of research on student engagement (Vol. 840). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2018-7

Conley, D. T., & French, E. M. (2014). Student Ownership of Learning as a Key Component of College Readiness. American Behavioral Scientist, 58(8), 1018–1034. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764213515232

Cortazzi, M., & Jin, L. (2006). Asking questions, sharing stories and identity construction: Sociocultural issues in narrative research. In S. Trahar (Ed.), Narrative research on learning: Comparative and international perspectives (pp. 27–47). Symposium Books.

Dillenbourg, P., Järvelä, S., & Fischer, F. (2009). The evolution of research on computer-supported collaborative learning. In N. Balacheff, S. Ludvigsen, T. de Jong, A. Lazonder, & S. Barnes (Eds.), Technology-enhanced learning (pp. 3–19). Springer.

Dukuzumuremyi, S. & Siklander, P. (2018). Interactions between pupils and their teacher in collaborative and technology-enhanced learning settings in the inclusive classroom. Teaching and Teacher Education, 76, 165–174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2018.08.010

Edwards, A. & D'arcy, C. (2004) Relational agency and disposition in sociocultural accounts of learning to teach. Educational Review, 56(2), 147–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031910410001693236

Edwards, A. (2007). Relational agency in professional practice: A CHAT analysis. Actio: An International Journal of Human Activity Theory, 1(1), 1–17. http://hdl.handle.net/10112/7566

Finnish National Board on Research Integrity TENK. (2023). The Finnish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity and Procedures for Handling Alleged Violations of Research Integrity in Finland https://tenk.fi/sites/default/files/2023-05/RI_Guidelines_2023.pdf

Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of the evidence. Review of Educational Research, 74(1), 59–109. https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543074001059

Fredricks, J. A., Filsecker, M., & Lawson, M. A. (2016). Student engagement, context, and adjustment: Addressing definitional, measurement, and methodological issues. Learning and Instruction, 43, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.02.002

Han, F. & Ellis, R. A. (2019). Using phenomenography to tackle key challenges in science education. Frontiers in Psychology., 10(1414). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01414

Institute of International Education. (2024). Project Atlas Finland. IIE - The Power of International Education. https://www.iie.org/research-initiatives/project-atlas/explore-data/finland-2/

Järvelä, S., Järvenoja, H., Malmberg, J., Isohätälä, J., & Sobocinski, M. (2016). How do types of interaction and phases of self-regulated learning set a stage for collaborative engagement? Learning and Instruction, 43, 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.005

Jeong, H., & Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2016). Seven affordances of computer-supported collaborative learning: How to support collaborative learning? How can technologies help? Educational Psychologist, 51(2), 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2016.1158654

Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 38(5), 758–773. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2011.598505

Kahu, E. R. & Nelson, K. (2018). Student engagement in the educational interface: Understanding the mechanisms of student success, Higher Education Research & Development, 37(1), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2017.1344197

Kahu, E. R., Picton, C., & Nelson, K. (2020). Pathways to engagement: A longitudinal study of the first-year student experience in the educational interface. Higher Education. 79(4), 657–673. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00429-w

Kahu, E., Stephens, C., Leach, L., & Zepke, N. (2015). Linking academic emotions and student engagement: Mature-aged distance students’ transition to university. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 39(4), 481–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/0309877x.2014.895305

Kangas, M., Siklander, P., Randolph, J., & Ruokamo, H. (2017). Teachers’ engagement and students’ satisfaction with a playful learning environment. Teaching and Teacher Education, 63, 274–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.12.018

Kettunen, J., & Tynjälä, P. (2018). Applying phenomenography in guidance and counselling research. British Journal of Guidance & Counselling, 46(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2017.1285006

Korkealehto, K. & Lakkala, M., & Toom, A. (2021). Enrolled or engaged? Students’ perceptions of engagement and oral interaction in a blended learning language course. The JALT CALL Journal, 17(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.29140/jaltcall.v17n1.268

Kumar, J. M., & Herger, M. (2013). Gamification at work: Designing engaging business software. The Interaction Design Foundation. https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/gamification-at-work-designing-engaging-business-software

Lawton, S., & Taylor, L. (2020). Student perceptions of engagement in an introductory statistics course. Journal of Statistics Education, 28(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10691898.2019.1704201

Lu, W., & Everson Härkälä, T. (2024). International student experience of employment integration in Finland. Research in Comparative and International Education, 19(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.1177/17454999241238172

Martin, F. & Borup, J. (2022) Online learner engagement: Conceptual definitions, research themes, and supportive practices, Educational Psychologist, 57:3, 162−177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2022.2089147

Marton, F. (1981). Phenomenography describing conceptions of the world around us. Instructional Science, 10, 177–200. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00132516

Marton, F. (1986). Phenomenography – A research approach investigating different understandings of reality. Journal of Thought, 21(3), 28–49. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42589189

Marton, F., & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and Awareness. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203053690

Nix, N.W., & Zacharia, Z.G. (2014). The impact of collaborative engagement on knowledge and performance gains in episodic collaborations. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 25(2), 245–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-05-2013-0060

Page, A.G., & Chahboun, S. (2019). Emerging empowerment of international students: how international student literature has shifted to include the students’ voices. Higher Education, 78, 871–885. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-019-00375-7

Pang, M. F. (2003). Two Faces of Variation: On continuity in the phenomenographic movement. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 47(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313830308612

Pietarinen, J., Soini, T., & Pyhältö, K. (2014). Students’ emotional and cognitive engagement as the determinants of well-being and achievement in school. International Journal of Educational Research, 67, 40–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2014.05.001

Redmond, P., Heffernan, A., Abawi, L., Brown, A., & Henderson, R. (2018). An online engagement framework for higher education. Online Learning, 22(1), 183–204. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v22i1.1175

Renninger, K. A., & Bachrach, J. E. (2015). Studying triggers for interest and engagement using observational methods. Educational Psychologist, 50(1), 58–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00461520.2014.999920

Rhodes, T.L. (2012). Show me the learning: Value, accreditation, and the quality of the degree. Planning for Higher Education, 40(3), 36–42.

Russell, C.K., & Gregory, D. M. (2003). Evaluation of qualitative research studies. Evidence-Based Nursing, 6, 36-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.6.2.36

Salmela-Aro, K., Moeller, J., Schneider, B., Spicer, J., & Lavonen, J. (2016). Integrating the light and dark sides of student engagement using person-oriented and situation-specific approaches. Learning and Instruction, 43, 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2016.01.001

Sawyer, K. (2015). Group flow and group genius. NAMTA Journal, 40(3), 29–52. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1077079.pdf

Siklander, P. & Harmoinen, S. (2021). Ice age is approaching: Triggering university students’ interest and engagement in gamified outdoor playful learning activities. In P. White, J. Raphael, & K. van Cuylenburg (Eds)., Science and drama: Contemporary and creative approaches to teaching and learning (pp. 125–143). Springer.

Siklander, P., Kangas, M., Ruhalahti, S., & Korva. S. (2017, March). Exploring triggers for arousing interest in the online learning. In L. Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres (Eds.), INTED2017 Proceedings (pp. 9081–9089). 11th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain.

Skinner, E. A., & Pitzer, J. (2012). Developmental dynamics of engagement, coping, and everyday resilience. In S. Christenson, A. Reschly, & C. Wylie (Eds.), The handbook of research on student engagement (pp. 21–45). Springer.

Stenfors-Hayes, T., Hult, H., Dahlgren, M. (2013). A phenomenographic approach to research in medical education. Medical Education, 47(3), 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12101

Tani, M., Gheith, M. H. & Papaluca, O. (2021). Drivers of student engagement in higher education: A behavioral reasoning theory perspective. Higher Education, 82, 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-020-00647-7

Trowler, V., Allan, R.L., Bryk, J. & Din, R.R. (2022). Pathways to student engagement: Beyond triggers and mechanisms at the engagement interface. Higher Education, 84, 761–777. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00798-1

Trigwell, K. (2000). A phenomenographic interview on phenomenography. In J. A. Bowden, & E. Walsh (Eds.). Phenomenography (pp. 62–82). RMIT University Press.

Vuopala, E., Hyvönen, P., & Järvelä, S. (2015). Interaction forms in successful collaborative learning in virtual learning environments. Active Learning in Higher Education, 17(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787415616730

Downloads

Published

2025-04-03

How to Cite

Siklander, S. ., Brauer, S. ., & Thangaperumal, P. (2025). Orientation Towards a Master’s Degree: International Students’ Perceptions of Successful Engagement in Higher Education. Student Engagement in Higher Education Journal, 6(1), 148–177. Retrieved from https://sehej.raise-network.com/raise/article/view/1226